Pectus excavatum is a condition that causes a child’s breastbone to sink into their chest. Pectus excavatum is also known as funnel chest or sunken chest. Because pectus excavatum causes a deep depression, usually on both sides of the chest, a child’s abdomen protrudes, giving the appearance of a “pot belly.” This disorder is more common in boys than girls.
In severe cases of pectus excavatum it can interfere with the function of a child’s heart and lungs.
The actual cause of pectus excavatum is unknown. It appears to be hereditary, or genetic. As a child gets older, the abnormality can increase, and can worsen during the growth spurts that occur between late childhood and adolescence. Generally the condition stabilizes once skeletal growth is complete.
Because it is an inherited condition, pectus excavatum affects the cartilage connecting the ribs to the lower section of the breastbone or sternum. Pectus excavatum can sometimes occur in relation to the following conditions:
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Marfan Syndrome – This condition can cause arms and fingers to be long and thin, and people are usually taller than average with other skeletal abnormalities.
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Scoliosis – A condition where there is an abnormal curvature of the spine.
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Mitral Valve Prolapse – The mitral valve separates the two chambers in the heart. Any defects in this valve may affect the heart’s ability to pump sufficient amounts of blood.
Symptoms of Pectus Excavatum:
While some children exhibit no symptoms, others with pectus excavatum may experience the following based on the age when they are diagnosed:
- Mild respiratory problems or frequent colds that last a prolonged period of time
- Breathing difficulties when exercising or with exertion
- Decreased exercise tolerance
- Heart palpitations
- Wheezing or coughing
- Heart murmur
- Fatigue
Diagnosing Pectus Excavatum:
In many cases pectus excavatum can be initially diagnosed through a physical examination. However, your child’s doctor may want to perform more thorough tests to clarify the diagnosis and the severity of the individual case. These tests include:
- X-rays
- CT Scan
- MRI
- Electrocardiogram
- Echocardiogram
Treatments Offered for Pectus Excavatum:
Shriners Hospitals for Children offers various treatment plans for children diagnosed with pectus excavatum. Generally, mild cases of pectus excavatum correct themselves in early childhood. Children with more severe abnormalities may require surgery.
Your child’s doctor will recommend the specific type of surgery based on their individual condition. The goal of the surgery is to correct any cosmetic issues and the outcomes are usually very good.